NetCore 随笔

EF Core的Code First模式

使用Entity Framework Core的Code First生成实体，并迁移到数据库

Posted by 刘巨 on 2021-02-25

Entity Framework Core

Entity Framework (EF) Core 是轻量化、可扩展、开源和跨平台版的常用 Entity Framework 数据访问技术。
EF Core 可用作对象关系映射程序 (O/RM)，这可以实现以下两点：
使 .NET 开发人员能够使用 .NET 对象处理数据库。
无需再像通常那样编写大部分数据访问代码。

EF 支持以下模型开发方法：

  • Database First:先有数据库，后有实体模型。从现有数据库生成模型。对模型手动编码，使其符合数据库。
  • Code First：创建模型后，使用 EF 迁移从模型创建数据库。 模型发生变化时，迁移可让数据库不断演进。先有实体模型，后生成数据库

创建模型

通用模型

数据表，都会有主键字段。为了满足此需求，所以我们建立一个通用的泛型模型BaseEntity

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/// <summary>
/// 通用基本模型
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="K">主键类型</typeparam>
public class BaseEntity<K>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Id,主键
    /// </summary>
    public K Id { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 通用模型
/// </summary>
public class BaseEntity : BaseEntity<string>
{

}

为了让系统知道我们的Id字段是主键，我们增加了对通用模型的配置
EF可以有两种方法来配置实体，一种是使用数据批注(Attribute)
还有一种是Fluent API，就是通过代码来对模型配置
本示例使用Fluent API来配置
因为有些特殊情况是不能使用数据批注(Attribute)来满足要求
比如多主键，多外键，关联等情况。

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/// <summary>
/// 默认实体配置
/// OnModelCreating
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="K"></typeparam>
public class BaseEntityTypeConfig<T, K> : IEntityTypeConfiguration<T>
    where T : BaseEntity<K>
{
    public virtual void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<T> builder)
    {
        #region 主外键关系
        builder.HasKey(k => k.Id);//设置主键
        #endregion

        #region 字段属性:最大长度,是否必需,默认值
        
        #endregion

        #region 备注
        builder.Property(p => p.Id).HasComment("主键");//设置备注
        #endregion
    }
}

public class BaseEntityTypeConfig<T> : BaseEntityTypeConfig<T, string>, IEntityTypeConfiguration<T>
    where T : BaseEntity
{
    public override void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<T> builder)
    {
        base.Configure(builder);

        #region 主外键关系

        #endregion

        #region 字段属性:最大长度,是否必需,默认值
        builder.Property(p => p.Id).HasMaxLength(50);//设置主键最大长度50
        #endregion

        #region 备注

        #endregion
    }
}

对于业务实体，一般我们又会有些其它通过字段，比如创建人，创建时间，修改人，修改时间，是否删除等公共字段
所以我们创建了BusEntity通用业务模型

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/// <summary>
/// 业务实体基类
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="K">主键类型</typeparam>
public class BusEntity<K> : BaseEntity<K>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 是否删除
    /// </summary>
    public bool Deleted { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 创建人
    /// </summary>
    public K CreateUserId { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 创建时间
    /// </summary>
    public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 修改人
    /// </summary>
    public K ModifyUserId { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 修改时间
    /// </summary>
    public DateTime ModifyTime { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 业务实体基类
/// </summary>
public class BusEntity : BusEntity<string>
{ }

对于基本业务实体基类用以下配置

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/// <summary>
/// 默认实体配置
/// OnModelCreating
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="K"></typeparam>
public class BusEntityTypeConfig<T, K> : BaseEntityTypeConfig<T, K>, IEntityTypeConfiguration<T>
    where T : BusEntity<K>
{
    public override void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<T> builder)
    {
        base.Configure(builder);
        builder.HasQueryFilter(q => q.Deleted == false);//查询自动过滤已经删除的记录

        #region 主外键关系

        #endregion

        #region 字段属性:最大长度,是否必需,默认值
        builder.Property(p => p.Deleted).HasDefaultValue(false);//把是否删除设置为默认False
        builder.Property(p => p.CreateUserId).HasMaxLength(50);//把创建人设置为默认值
        builder.Property(p => p.ModifyUserId).HasMaxLength(50);//把修改人设置为默认值
        builder.Property(p => p.CreateTime).HasDefaultValueSql("getdate()").ValueGeneratedOnAdd();//把创建时间设置默认值并在增加的时候更新值
        builder.Property(p => p.ModifyTime).HasDefaultValueSql("getdate()").ValueGeneratedOnAddOrUpdate();//把修改时间设置默认值并在增加和修改的时候更新值
        #endregion

        #region 备注
        builder.Property(p => p.Deleted).HasComment("是否删除");
        builder.Property(p => p.CreateUserId).HasComment("创建人");
        builder.Property(p => p.CreateTime).HasComment("创建时间");
        builder.Property(p => p.ModifyUserId).HasComment("修改人");
        builder.Property(p => p.ModifyTime).HasComment("修改时间");
        #endregion
    }
}

public class BusEntityTypeConfig<T> : BusEntityTypeConfig<T, string>, IEntityTypeConfiguration<T>
    where T : BusEntity
{
    public override void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<T> builder)
    {
        base.Configure(builder);

        #region 主外键关系

        #endregion

        #region 字段属性:最大长度,是否必需,默认值
        builder.Property(p => p.Id).HasMaxLength(50);
        #endregion

        #region 备注

        #endregion
    }
}

业务模型

接下来我们有了通用模型基类。那么我们就可以来创建具体的业务模型
比如说我们的组织架构模型
我们使用两个局部类来定义，
第一个局部类定义基本属性
第二个局部类定义关联关系
然后对模型进行配置

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/// <summary>
/// 组织架构
/// </summary>
public partial class Sys_Org : BusEntity
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 上级组织
    /// </summary>
    public string ParentId { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 名称
    /// </summary>
    public string Name { get; set; }
}
public partial class Sys_Org : BusEntity
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 上级组织
    /// </summary>
    public Sys_Org Parent { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 下级组织
    /// </summary>
    public List<Sys_Org> Childs { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>
/// 实体配置
/// OnModelCreating
/// </summary>
public class Sys_OrgTypeConfig : BusEntityTypeConfig<Sys_Org>, IEntityTypeConfiguration<Sys_Org>
{
    public override void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Sys_Org> builder)
    {
        base.Configure(builder);

        #region 主外键关系
        builder.HasOne(p => p.Parent).WithMany(p => p.Childs).HasForeignKey(p => p.ParentId);
        #endregion

        #region 字段属性:最大长度,是否必需,默认值
        builder.Property(p => p.Name).HasMaxLength(50).IsRequired();
        #endregion

        #region 备注
        builder.Property(p => p.ParentId).HasComment("上级组织");
        builder.Property(p => p.Name).HasComment("名称");
        #endregion
    }
}
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/// <summary>
/// 系统用户
/// </summary>
public partial class Sys_User : BusEntity
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 工号、编码
    /// </summary>
    public string Code { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 名称
    /// </summary>
    public string Name { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 用户名
    /// </summary>
    public string UserName { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 密码
    /// </summary>
    public string Password { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// 状态
    /// </summary>
    public string Status { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// 所属组织
    /// </summary>
    public string OrgId { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// 性别
    /// </summary>
    public string Sex { get; set; }
}
public partial class Sys_User : BusEntity
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 所属组织
    /// </summary>
    public Sys_Org Org { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 实体配置
/// OnModelCreating
/// </summary>
public class Sys_UserTypeConfig : BusEntityTypeConfig<Sys_User>, IEntityTypeConfiguration<Sys_User>
{
    public override void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Sys_User> builder)
    {
        base.Configure(builder);

        #region 主外键关系
        builder.HasOne(p => p.Org).WithMany().HasForeignKey(p => p.OrgId);
        #endregion

        #region 字段属性:最大长度,是否必需,默认值
        builder.Property(p => p.Code).HasMaxLength(50);
        builder.Property(p => p.Name).HasMaxLength(50).IsRequired();
        builder.Property(p => p.UserName).HasMaxLength(50).IsRequired();
        builder.Property(p => p.Password).HasMaxLength(100).IsRequired();
        builder.Property(p => p.Status).HasMaxLength(50).IsRequired();
        builder.Property(p => p.OrgId).HasMaxLength(50);
        builder.Property(p => p.Sex).HasMaxLength(50);
        #endregion

        #region 备注
        builder.Property(p => p.Code).HasComment("编码");
        builder.Property(p => p.Name).HasComment("名称");
        builder.Property(p => p.UserName).HasComment("用户名");
        builder.Property(p => p.Password).HasComment("密码");
        builder.Property(p => p.Status).HasComment("状态");
        builder.Property(p => p.OrgId).HasComment("所属组织");
        builder.Property(p => p.Sex).HasComment("性别");
        #endregion
    }
}

创建数据库上下文Context

有了数据模型，接下来我们创建数据库上下文Context
OnConfiguring用来配置数据连接字符串
OnModelCreating是创建模型是对模型的配置
因为上面我们对每个模型都做了配置(实现了IEntityTypeConfiguration)
所以在这里我们只要把具体的配置配置应用到Context就行了
我们使用modelBuilder.ApplyConfigurationsFromAssembly
就可以把所有实现了IEntityTypeConfiguration的模型配置全部应用到数据库上下文

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public class GDbContext : DbContext
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Context配置
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="optionsBuilder"></param>
    protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
    {
        base.OnConfiguring(optionsBuilder);
        optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer("Data Source=x.x.x.x;Initial Catalog=数据库名称;User Id=用户名;Password=密码;APP=系统名称;Pooling=true;");
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 模型创建
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="modelBuilder"></param>
    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
        modelBuilder.ApplyConfigurationsFromAssembly(this.GetType().Assembly);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 组织架构
    /// </summary>
    public DbSet<Sys_Org> Sys_Org { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 用户
    /// </summary>
    public DbSet<Sys_User> Sys_User { get; set; }
}

所有代码结构如下
CodeFirst

迁移数据库

专业名称叫迁移，通用解释就是把实体模型生成为数据表
我们在OnConfiguring中已经配置了使用SqlServer数据库（当然也支持其它所有类型数据库：如MySql,Oracle,Sqlite等其它数据库）
使用迁移，必需安装Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools工具集
接下来我们在“程序包管理控制台”输入Add-Migration FirstInit (FirstInit:自定义名称)
系统会自动帮我们生成迁移代码
CodeFirst
CodeFirst

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public partial class FirstInit : Migration
{
    protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
    {
        migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
            name: "Sys_Org",
            columns: table => new
            {
                Id = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", maxLength: 50, nullable: false, comment: "主键"),
                ParentId = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", nullable: true, comment: "上级组织"),
                Name = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", maxLength: 50, nullable: false, comment: "名称"),
                Deleted = table.Column<bool>(type: "bit", nullable: false, defaultValue: false, comment: "是否删除"),
                CreateUserId = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", maxLength: 50, nullable: true, comment: "创建人"),
                CreateTime = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime2", nullable: false, defaultValueSql: "getdate()", comment: "创建时间"),
                ModifyUserId = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", maxLength: 50, nullable: true, comment: "修改人"),
                ModifyTime = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime2", nullable: false, defaultValueSql: "getdate()", comment: "修改时间")
            },
            constraints: table =>
            {
                table.PrimaryKey("PK_Sys_Org", x => x.Id);
                table.ForeignKey(
                    name: "FK_Sys_Org_Sys_Org_ParentId",
                    column: x => x.ParentId,
                    principalTable: "Sys_Org",
                    principalColumn: "Id",
                    onDelete: ReferentialAction.Restrict);
            });

        migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
            name: "Sys_User",
            columns: table => new
            {
                Id = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", maxLength: 50, nullable: false, comment: "主键"),
                Code = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", maxLength: 50, nullable: true, comment: "编码"),
                Name = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", maxLength: 50, nullable: false, comment: "名称"),
                UserName = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", maxLength: 50, nullable: false, comment: "用户名"),
                Password = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(100)", maxLength: 100, nullable: false, comment: "密码"),
                Status = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", maxLength: 50, nullable: false, comment: "状态"),
                OrgId = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", maxLength: 50, nullable: true, comment: "所属组织"),
                Sex = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", maxLength: 50, nullable: true, comment: "性别"),
                Deleted = table.Column<bool>(type: "bit", nullable: false, defaultValue: false, comment: "是否删除"),
                CreateUserId = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", maxLength: 50, nullable: true, comment: "创建人"),
                CreateTime = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime2", nullable: false, defaultValueSql: "getdate()", comment: "创建时间"),
                ModifyUserId = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(50)", maxLength: 50, nullable: true, comment: "修改人"),
                ModifyTime = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime2", nullable: false, defaultValueSql: "getdate()", comment: "修改时间")
            },
            constraints: table =>
            {
                table.PrimaryKey("PK_Sys_User", x => x.Id);
                table.ForeignKey(
                    name: "FK_Sys_User_Sys_Org_OrgId",
                    column: x => x.OrgId,
                    principalTable: "Sys_Org",
                    principalColumn: "Id",
                    onDelete: ReferentialAction.Restrict);
            });

        migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
            name: "IX_Sys_Org_ParentId",
            table: "Sys_Org",
            column: "ParentId");

        migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
            name: "IX_Sys_User_OrgId",
            table: "Sys_User",
            column: "OrgId");
    }

    protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
    {
        migrationBuilder.DropTable(
            name: "Sys_User");

        migrationBuilder.DropTable(
            name: "Sys_Org");
    }
}

更新到数据库

我们通过Update-Database命令更新到数据库
CodeFirst
CodeFirst

生成SQL脚本更新到生产数据库

有时候我们系统已经在运行了。开始也不可能直接连接生产数据库
那么我们修改了模型，可以通过生成SQL脚本，来更新数据库

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#起始迁移点(没有写0)
#结束迁移点
Script-Migration -From 0 -To 20210225022927_FirstInit

CodeFirst

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IF OBJECT_ID(N'[__EFMigrationsHistory]') IS NULL
BEGIN
    CREATE TABLE [__EFMigrationsHistory] (
        [MigrationId] nvarchar(150) NOT NULL,
        [ProductVersion] nvarchar(32) NOT NULL,
        CONSTRAINT [PK___EFMigrationsHistory] PRIMARY KEY ([MigrationId])
    );
END;
GO

BEGIN TRANSACTION;
GO

CREATE TABLE [Sys_Org] (
    [Id] nvarchar(50) NOT NULL,
    [ParentId] nvarchar(50) NULL,
    [Name] nvarchar(50) NOT NULL,
    [Deleted] bit NOT NULL DEFAULT CAST(0 AS bit),
    [CreateUserId] nvarchar(50) NULL,
    [CreateTime] datetime2 NOT NULL DEFAULT (getdate()),
    [ModifyUserId] nvarchar(50) NULL,
    [ModifyTime] datetime2 NOT NULL DEFAULT (getdate()),
    CONSTRAINT [PK_Sys_Org] PRIMARY KEY ([Id]),
    CONSTRAINT [FK_Sys_Org_Sys_Org_ParentId] FOREIGN KEY ([ParentId]) REFERENCES [Sys_Org] ([Id]) ON DELETE NO ACTION
);
DECLARE @defaultSchema AS sysname;
SET @defaultSchema = SCHEMA_NAME();
DECLARE @description AS sql_variant;
SET @description = N'主键';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_Org', 'COLUMN', N'Id';
SET @description = N'上级组织';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_Org', 'COLUMN', N'ParentId';
SET @description = N'名称';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_Org', 'COLUMN', N'Name';
SET @description = N'是否删除';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_Org', 'COLUMN', N'Deleted';
SET @description = N'创建人';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_Org', 'COLUMN', N'CreateUserId';
SET @description = N'创建时间';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_Org', 'COLUMN', N'CreateTime';
SET @description = N'修改人';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_Org', 'COLUMN', N'ModifyUserId';
SET @description = N'修改时间';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_Org', 'COLUMN', N'ModifyTime';
GO

CREATE TABLE [Sys_User] (
    [Id] nvarchar(50) NOT NULL,
    [Code] nvarchar(50) NULL,
    [Name] nvarchar(50) NOT NULL,
    [UserName] nvarchar(50) NOT NULL,
    [Password] nvarchar(100) NOT NULL,
    [Status] nvarchar(50) NOT NULL,
    [OrgId] nvarchar(50) NULL,
    [Sex] nvarchar(50) NULL,
    [Deleted] bit NOT NULL DEFAULT CAST(0 AS bit),
    [CreateUserId] nvarchar(50) NULL,
    [CreateTime] datetime2 NOT NULL DEFAULT (getdate()),
    [ModifyUserId] nvarchar(50) NULL,
    [ModifyTime] datetime2 NOT NULL DEFAULT (getdate()),
    CONSTRAINT [PK_Sys_User] PRIMARY KEY ([Id]),
    CONSTRAINT [FK_Sys_User_Sys_Org_OrgId] FOREIGN KEY ([OrgId]) REFERENCES [Sys_Org] ([Id]) ON DELETE NO ACTION
);
DECLARE @defaultSchema AS sysname;
SET @defaultSchema = SCHEMA_NAME();
DECLARE @description AS sql_variant;
SET @description = N'主键';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_User', 'COLUMN', N'Id';
SET @description = N'编码';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_User', 'COLUMN', N'Code';
SET @description = N'名称';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_User', 'COLUMN', N'Name';
SET @description = N'用户名';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_User', 'COLUMN', N'UserName';
SET @description = N'密码';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_User', 'COLUMN', N'Password';
SET @description = N'状态';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_User', 'COLUMN', N'Status';
SET @description = N'所属组织';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_User', 'COLUMN', N'OrgId';
SET @description = N'性别';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_User', 'COLUMN', N'Sex';
SET @description = N'是否删除';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_User', 'COLUMN', N'Deleted';
SET @description = N'创建人';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_User', 'COLUMN', N'CreateUserId';
SET @description = N'创建时间';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_User', 'COLUMN', N'CreateTime';
SET @description = N'修改人';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_User', 'COLUMN', N'ModifyUserId';
SET @description = N'修改时间';
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', @description, 'SCHEMA', @defaultSchema, 'TABLE', N'Sys_User', 'COLUMN', N'ModifyTime';
GO

CREATE INDEX [IX_Sys_Org_ParentId] ON [Sys_Org] ([ParentId]);
GO

CREATE INDEX [IX_Sys_User_OrgId] ON [Sys_User] ([OrgId]);
GO

INSERT INTO [__EFMigrationsHistory] ([MigrationId], [ProductVersion])
VALUES (N'20210225022927_FirstInit', N'5.0.3');
GO

COMMIT;
GO

这样的话。就只要把这个脚本放到生产环境去运行，
那么得到的结果也是和Update-Database结果是一样的

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